Urine Behaviour Changes and Troubles

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Birdofjay

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Hopkins is an adult female Dutch who was completely cage (but not litter box) trained; she never strays from the living room because it is the only place in the house with a rug, but she had complete access to the entirety of the room. Spring, summer, and fall when there is good weather she usually has a few hours outside; the weather in mid-autumn, winter, and early to mid-spring cause her to be completely house bound.


This July my entire family went on vacation to a rented cottage and under the circumstances I had no choice but to bring Hopkins along; we used an older smaller cage that we had used for her previously as her travel cage and allowed her to go in and out of it two days before the journey. She took to travelling life better than expected and she was in love with the rented cottage that was entirely floored with industrial carpeting. She never peed anywhere other than her travel cage the entire time and left behind only a small amount of poops ever; she found games of her own to play in the bungalow style house, where she would sneaky-feet walk along walls and behind people in attempts to break into the bedrooms to hide under the bed, only to them run out again thumping and doing binky’s. Returning home after a week of paradise is when her behaviour has really changed.


When we had gotten home I immediately put her back into her regular cage so that the travel cage could be completely cleaned disinfected and put back into storage. The first week or two home Hopkins was more timid and shy than usual, only doing binky’s outside and spending the majority of her time in her regular cage. The first thing I noticed completely amiss was how many poops I was finding on the living room rug and how she began leaving them right in front of me and other members of my family; this is something that we did not have much of a problem with before.
Then she began completely acting out if she found that she was not getting enough attention during the day. Her cage is always open, except during bedtime, and from 7am – 1pm someone is with her until 4pm; the rest of that time is alone with our two older female Maltese dogs with the living room open to her. Her spells of acting out included behaviour like begging to be picked up to then nip angrily at the victims’ collar bone and to not just steal mail off the coffee table (she did this before for fun) but to then attempt to shred it.
At this time she started not just her monthly shed but her first (since we’ve owned her) full molt; one time I was brushing her when I noticed her bottom was not as well maintained as it should be and usually is, so I did what I have always done in this circumstance: I got one of her pet wipes and cradled her on my lap and began to gently remove any stuck fecal matter. Within the minute she peed directly onto me and then after I let her go, remained standing on my urine soaked pants looking at me.
Then she began peeing behind the couch, so we had to cut off these areas from her after it became an issue. Now she pees along her borders of the rug, mainly onto the hardwood floor but some always gets onto the carpet.


Since July I have been peed on four times, she’s peed on my mother twice and my sister once, the couch over three times, and my bed three times, good thing she always sleeps on a pee pad covered by a towel, on the floor/carpet approx. once a week. My Mom thinks that Hopkins doesn’t feel like she’s getting enough attention from me, but I haven’t changed the amount of time I spend with her at all, it has remained the same as it has for the three years we have owned her. I thought she was bored so I’ve set up little areas for her to play (her jingly balls, the phonebook, a tunnel, and a curtain, tied from one coffee table leg to the other, of hanging toilet paper rolls) and I plan on further making her a paper towel tree trunk with real small branches, from our mayday outside, protruding from it. I have noticed that since her peeing and pooping, I don’t reprimand her as often as I did before for small things like nipping; and she is always wanting up onto the couch (which she is now banned from) whether somebody is on it or not. She wants to cuddle on it, and she can do this regularly without peeing, and re-arrange any blankets or hoodies left there, to seek puppy-dog kisses and attention, but she will also go up to nip at someone sitting up there or to dig at them. Her attitude towards the dogs is the same as it always has been: she craves their kisses and is gentle with them as they are with her.


Three weeks ago we purchased Nature’s Miracle odour and stain natural remedy, which has definitely lessened the amount she pees on the floor and the amount of poops she leaves; this could also be because I put a litter pan into her cage and she’s been attempting to cover every inch of her cage that is not her litter box with urine. I thought that maybe she is finding her cage is too messy to want to use (I clean it every two days). She has always had a high water intake so she pees a lot, but it was never an issue until this July.

When she pees on the carpet I show her the spot and put a drop or two on her nose then lock her in her cage and snuff at her loudly before walking away to clean up the mess, spray it with the Nature’s Miracle, and then return to the front of her cage turn my back to her and sit down. Sometimes (depending how outraged I am) I’ll play with my hair or my clothes. She usually stays in her cage for 15 minutes or until I have calmed down because I know snapping at her really hurts her feelings and she’ll scuttle over to me like I’ve hit her and she’ll mutter to herself until I calm her down.


I know that this is something behavioural but I don’t know when or what I did to cause it to happen. Or could it be that this happens with age? My grandparents purchased her as a surprise for me from an auction three years ago, so all I know is she was completely mature (and to our surprise quite pregnant) when we got her. She’s been to vet on several occasions and she’s healthy.
To my family it’s an annoyance and gross, but I am the one that takes full care of her, I clean up all her messes, and I know how great she can be and it’s so frustrating when I see her just leave a mess that I could cry. Please help me with any comments or suggestions in fixing and resetting this behaviour pattern that I’ve acclimated her too.


Please help me in helping Hopkins. So much thanks to anybody that just took the time to read this, even if you don't reply.
:dutch
 
I don't know if I missed it, but is she spayed?
 
She was spayed three years ago now almost. And I did forget to put that in, you didn't miss it, sorry.

- Birdofjay
 
Obviously not hormones then :)

I have a few thoughts on a possible reason for your buns change of behavior.

This is something that can happen when things in a rabbits environment change. So it could be due to the change of going away then coming back. Then a rabbit feels like it needs to mark it's territory. And this can sometimes take some time to settle back down. With how long this has continued to go on, I'm not as inclined to think this is the cause, but it is still possible.

Another thought is that your bun got a lot of freedom and attention on your vacation, and now coming back to how things were before, your rabbit is missing the other place and the attention she got, so is upset that these things have changed and is protesting the change with her current behavior, and the peeing is her showing you that she is upset and frustrated. Unfortunately for this, it is hard to unring a bell once it's been rung. It's like a rabbit that is used to having free range, then suddenly being confined to a cage or smaller area. It is used to more and knows there is a better life out there, and misses what it used to have, and so may express that frustration by acting out. If she still is mostly confined to the living room due to the rug and not liking slippery floors, maybe putting down more rugs to expand her area may help. Peeing along the borders of the rug could be her way of saying she liked the other place better as she could run where she wanted to and be with you guys, and now that she can't follow you guys around, she is upset about it, and so is marking the edge of 'her' territory to show she is upset that she can't leave it.

When rabbits bond with other rabbits, they are pretty much usually joined at the hip following each other around, and should never be separated. She is essentially bonded with your family, and it may be upsetting to her when you leave the room and not to be able to stay with you. If she is bonded to the dogs and they can go places she can't, this could also be upsetting to her as she would feel like she should be together with them. One possible way to fix this may be to get her a bunny partner to bond with. Usually a female/male bond is considered the best and easiest. If you consider it though, do a lot of research as bonding can be easy or quite complicated, depending on each rabbit personality. And if she doesn't like the other rabbit, this can further upset things, but on the other hand they could be best buds and it could help solve her frustration and behavioral issues. Just something to consider. Here is a good link as well, for helping with her bond with you.
http://www.flashsplace.webs.com/bondingwithyourbunny.htm

Then there is the possibility of a health problem causing urinary incontinence, which I feel is the most likely, but of course not certain. It is actually a common problem for rabbits to get and something you certainly need to rule out as being health related. You mentioned a vet declaring her healthy, but if no diagnostics were done(urinalysis, culture, xrays, blood test, EC blood titer), this is something that can't be ruled out completely. Common causes are a UTI or bladder sludge/stones. In older rabbits arthritis, and some less common causes are tumors, kidney disease(especially with a higher than usual water intake, this is something you want to rule out), or a parasite called e. cuniculi. I know of one girl who's house bun kept having pee accidents, the vet ruled out the more common causes and did a blood titer to find it was due to EC. Rabbit was treated and the incontinence cleared up. So you really want to rule out a health problem, as it is common for there to be drastic unusual changes of behavior due to a rabbit not feeling well and possibly being in pain. So this could certainly explain your rabbits current behavior.
http://www.bio.miami.edu/hare/urinary.html
http://www.medirabbit.com/EN/Uro_gen_diseases/Differentials/Incontinence.htm

Another possible health issue that can lead to incontinence, is digestive discomfort and pain, due to contracting of the muscles from the pain. Your mention of a dirty bum is why I bring this up as a possibility. Normally a healthy rabbit should not be having issues with mushy poop sticking to their bottom. Mushy poop occurs usually from a microflora imbalance in a rabbits cecum. This leads to poorly formed cecotropes, that will then be left uneaten by the rabbit and often then get stuck to their fur. The most common cause of this is an imbalance in a rabbits diet from too many sugars and carbs, and/or not enough fiber. Other things that can cause this are medications, parasites, stress, arthritis, dental problems. Peeing on you when you were cleaning her off, could be due to it being painful to her in some way, and losing bowel control. The vet can check her cecum to make sure it isn't impacted and causing the discomfort, can check her teeth and check for arthritis. Could also do a fecal test to rule out parasites or bacteria overgrowth, but usually a change of diet will resolve the problem. How long has the poopy bum been going on and how often does it occur. What type of diet is your rabbit on(type and amount of pellets, hay, veg, treats) and what is your rabbits weight?
http://rabbit.org/intermittent-soft-cecotropes-in-rabbits/
http://rabbit.org/disorders-of-the-cecum/

Because the peeing issue has gone on for so many months and hasn't corrected, I would be more inclined to think it is due to a health problem rather than behavioral, and would start with ruling that out first, with a blood test to check kidney function, as well as a urinalysis to rule out UTI, then possible xrays to check for bladder sludge and stones. If those all came back clear, I might have the blood titer done to then check for EC. It's possible that this is just behavioral, but with health problems being such a common reason for changes like this, it is something I would want to eliminate first.

I wish you luck with this. Rabbits can be quite complex, and figuring out the cause and correcting this type of thing isn't often easy. It can be very frustrating at times, and often takes a lot of trial and error before you hit on what the cause is and how to fix it.

Not sure if you have a rabbit savvy vet(as this is an important part of getting the right diagnosis and treatment for a rabbit), but here are a couple of lists you can look at in case you need a good rabbit vet.
http://www.rabbitsonline.net/forumdisplay.php?f=21
http://rabbit.org/vet-listings/
 

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